Blog — Page 48 of 53
Browsing page 48 of 53 — 634 articles and counting.
Designing a Chat System: Real-Time Messaging, Presence, and Delivery Guarantees at Scale
A full architecture walkthrough of a real-time chat system: message data model, WebSocket fan-out, logical clocks for ordering, at-least-once delivery with deduplication, presence tracking, read receipts, group chat fan-out, and offline queuing. Covers tradeoffs production systems actually face.
Designing an API Gateway: Routing, Authentication, and Rate Limiting at the Edge
Most teams use an off-the-shelf gateway without understanding what it actually does, or build a custom one that collapses under real traffic. This guide covers the core responsibilities of an API gateway, architectural patterns, TypeScript implementation, and production concerns like circuit breaking and graceful degradation.
Event Sourcing in Practice: Building an Append-Only Event Store with Projections and Snapshots
A deep technical guide to event sourcing: why CRUD loses business history, how to build an append-only event store in TypeScript with Postgres, projections for read models, snapshots for performance, and the real production tradeoffs around schema evolution, eventual consistency, and debugging.
How to Design a Rate Limiter: From Interview Answer to Production Code
Most system design interviews stop at the algorithm. This guide goes further, covering token bucket, sliding window, and fixed window with TypeScript code, distributed rate limiting in Redis, race conditions, burst handling, and multi-tenant SaaS design.
Drizzle vs Prisma vs TypeORM: Choosing a TypeScript ORM for Production
A practical comparison of Drizzle, Prisma, and TypeORM across migration story, query builder ergonomics, type safety, raw SQL escape hatches, serverless connection pooling, and performance. Real TypeScript code showing the same operations in all three, with a tradeoffs table and guidance for startup teams.
TypeScript Monorepo Architecture: Turborepo, Nx, and pnpm Workspaces for Production Teams
How to structure a TypeScript monorepo for a growing team. Compares Turborepo, Nx, and plain pnpm workspaces across build performance, dependency management, CI integration, and developer experience.
The Circuit Breaker Pattern: Preventing Cascading Failures in Distributed Systems
A production guide to the circuit breaker pattern: state machine mechanics, sliding-window failure tracking, TypeScript implementation from scratch, integration with retries and timeouts, observability, tuning thresholds, partial circuits, and comparison with bulkhead and retry patterns.
Database Indexing Strategies: B-Trees, Hash Indexes, and Composite Keys for Production Performance
Most engineers know indexes speed up queries. Few understand why composite key ordering matters, when partial indexes beat full ones, or how write amplification erodes the gains. This guide covers the internals and the production tradeoffs.
Designing a Payment Processing System: Idempotency, Reconciliation, and Webhook Reliability at Scale
Payment systems look simple until you hit your first double-charge incident. This guide covers the full architecture of a production payment system, including state machines, idempotency patterns, double-entry ledgers, reconciliation pipelines, webhook reliability, PCI scope reduction, and multi-provider failover.
Designing a Permission System: RBAC, ABAC, and ReBAC for Multi-Tenant SaaS
Most permission systems start simple and become unmaintainable. This guide covers RBAC, ABAC, and ReBAC with TypeScript implementations, multi-tenant isolation patterns, caching strategies, and how to migrate between models without breaking production.
Designing a Real-Time Analytics Pipeline: Streaming Ingestion, Aggregation, and Dashboards at Scale
Batch ETL breaks down the moment your stakeholders want answers in seconds, not hours. This guide covers the full architecture of a real-time analytics pipeline: streaming ingestion with Kafka, windowed aggregation with exactly-once semantics, time-series storage choices, materialized views for dashboards, and backpressure handling in production.
Designing a Search Autocomplete System: Tries, Prefix Indexes, and Ranking at Scale
Search autocomplete feels trivial until you have to serve it at 99th-percentile latency under real traffic. This guide covers the full design: tries, weighted prefix trees, distributed storage, ranking signals, the read and write paths, caching layers, and the tradeoffs that matter in production.