Blog — Page 50 of 53
Browsing page 50 of 53 — 634 articles and counting.
Retry Patterns in Distributed Systems: Exponential Backoff, Jitter, and Dead Letter Queues
Most retry logic in production is wrong in the same two ways: it retries too aggressively and it retries things that will never succeed. This guide covers immediate, fixed delay, exponential backoff, and jitter strategies with TypeScript implementations, idempotency requirements, circuit breaker integration, dead letter queues, and retry budgets.
Database Connection Pooling in Serverless Environments: PgBouncer, Neon, and Hyperdrive Compared
Serverless functions create a new database connection per invocation, quickly exhausting PostgreSQL's connection limit. This guide explains the connection pooling problem in serverless, covers the three main solutions (self-hosted PgBouncer, Neon's built-in pooler, and Cloudflare Hyperdrive), compares their architectures and tradeoffs, and provides a decision framework.
Database Migrations in Production: Zero-Downtime Schema Changes for Growing Startups
ALTER TABLE locks your table and takes your site down. This guide covers the expand-contract pattern, online schema migration tools (gh-ost, pgroll, pt-online-schema-change), TypeScript migration tooling (Drizzle, Prisma, Kysely), backfill strategies, rollback plans, and a decision framework for when you actually need zero-downtime DDL.
LLM Gateway Architecture: Rate Limiting, Caching, and Routing Across Multiple Providers
Production AI systems need more than a direct API call to a single LLM. This guide covers the full LLM gateway layer: semantic caching, provider routing with fallback chains, per-model rate limiting, request normalization, and token-level observability. TypeScript throughout.
Streaming LLM Responses in Production: Server-Sent Events, Backpressure, and Edge Delivery
How to stream LLM output to users in real time: SSE vs WebSocket tradeoffs, backpressure when the model generates faster than the client consumes, token buffering strategies, edge delivery via Cloudflare Workers, error handling mid-stream, and cost implications.
Structured LLM Output in Production: JSON Mode, Function Calling, and Constrained Decoding
Most teams start with parsing JSON from raw LLM responses and hit malformed output at scale. This article covers the three main approaches to reliable structured output, their production failure modes, validation strategies, fallback chains, and how to choose based on your latency and reliability requirements.
CI/CD Pipeline Design for Startups: From First Deploy to Production Confidence
Most CI/CD guides describe the happy path. This covers how to build a pipeline that actually earns trust over time, from a minimal GitHub Actions setup to layered test stages, preview deployments, security scanning, deploy gates, and the observability you need to know when things go wrong.
How Load Balancers Work: Algorithms, Health Checks, and Scaling Patterns
A deep dive into load balancing algorithms, health check design, session persistence, L4 vs L7 tradeoffs, and how to scale the load balancer itself. With TypeScript examples for application-layer balancing.
Idempotency Keys in Distributed APIs: Preventing Double Charges and Phantom Orders
Practical architecture for implementing idempotency keys in high-scale APIs, including schema design, race-free request handling, TTL strategy, and failure-mode recovery patterns with TypeScript examples.
The Saga Pattern: Coordinating Distributed Transactions Without Two-Phase Commit
Two-phase commit is a distributed systems trap. The saga pattern is how real production systems coordinate multi-service transactions. This guide covers choreography vs orchestration, compensation logic, failure handling, idempotency, and a full e-commerce order flow in TypeScript.
API Versioning Strategies: How to Evolve Your API Without Breaking Clients
Every public API eventually needs to change in ways that break existing clients. This guide covers the four main versioning approaches with TypeScript examples, breaking vs non-breaking change taxonomy, deprecation workflows, and how internal microservice versioning differs from public API versioning.
Background Jobs in TypeScript: BullMQ, Inngest, and Cloudflare Queues Compared
The background job landscape has fragmented. This guide compares BullMQ, Inngest, and Cloudflare Queues on architecture, DX, failure handling, scaling, and cost, with TypeScript examples for each.